Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. Distinguish between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system. Distinguish between acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
But one thing remains unchanged in pancreatitis: the old way of life and nutrition will remain in the past, because the basis of treatment for pancreatitis is an almost lifelong diet. The pancreas does not forgive errors in nutrition, immediately responding with pain and indigestion.
Basics of pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease, it develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral lesions of the pancreas, disruption of the liver and gallbladder, after poisoning with alcohol and dother toxic substances, with frequent and serious nutritional disorders - prolonged fasting, diet to lose weight.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- abdominal pain - sharp, stabbing, almost to the point of unconsciousness in acute pancreatitis, or dull or painful in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- stool disorders, more often severe diarrhea, fever;
- drastic weight loss.
Acute pancreatitis is usually admitted to the hospital. Chronic exacerbations can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a doctor. Self-medication in pancreatitis is dangerous with the development of complications up to pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic fusion of glandular tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of peritonitis, which is fatal.
Nutritional therapy for pancreatitis
Drug, enzyme and diet therapy for pancreatitis is selected by the doctor, depending on the patient's condition and test data. However, the general principles of dietary correction always remain roughly the same. They give digestion and the pancreas a rest, which means they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Nutrition in pancreatitis is severely limited - most of the usual products will need to be forgotten.It is necessary to eat often, about 5-6 times a day - every 2, 5-3 hours, with a break of 8 hours of sleep. But the volume portions should be small - about 200-250 g, especially in the first time after an exacerbation of the disease.
All dishes are mechanically processed - almost all of them are used as a puree. Then, as the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but you need to chew the food well.
Since the whole body suffers from insufficient nutritional intake in pancreatitis, should increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products) - on average, up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which place great demands on the pancreas, are kept to the minimum possible. About 300 g of carbohydrates per day are administered, fat - no more than 70-80 g.
Products that have a sokogonny effect - meat and fish broths, cabbage juice and broth - are removed from the diet; for the duration of a severe painful attack, therapeutic fasting is recommended for a period of 1 to 2 days under the supervision of a doctor.
In case of pancreatitis, it is necessary to drink more fluids -it is recommended to drink up to 2 liters of clean water per day, approximately every half hour to take 2-3 sips ofwater throughout the day.
Of course, with pancreatitis, you have to stop smoking and drinking alcohol completely. They are the most powerful provocateurs of crises.
What to exclude?
The list of prohibited foods will become quite impressive and can be overwhelming at first. However, without adhering to these restrictions, one can expect relief for a very long time. Gradually, you can carefully expand your diet, adhering to the general principles of good nutrition.
So, for the entire acute period or the moment of exacerbation of the chronic process, it is necessary to exclude:
- beetroot soup, cabbage and borscht soup, okroshka, soups made from meat, mushroom and fish broths, broths themselves;
- fatty meat - pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- organ meats - kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- fried, smoked, salty and spicy dishes;
- canned foods; sausages
- ;
- fatty fish (catfish, star sturgeon, carp); caviar;
- lard, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy dishes - cream, sour cream, koumiss;
- yolks, hard-boiled eggs;
- Millet, corn, barley, side dishes with legumes;
- cabbage, turnips, radishes, radishes, rutabagas, eggplants, onions and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers;
- citrus fruits, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranates, cranberries;
- chocolate, canned food;
- spicy fries, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- all soft drinks, even mineral water (you can only without gas);
- strong tea and coffee, fruit juice, cocoa;
- all fresh baked goods and pastries, pancakes, pies, shortbread cookies.
As you can see the list of restrictions is quite long, but it is only for the duration of the acute process. Then gradually, you can gradually increase the diet, but boring and "heavy" dishes will have to be forgotten almost forever.
What can you eat?
This is the first question that arises after reading the ban list. Of course, the diet is not very varied, but it is aimed at keeping the pancreas calm and relieving inflammation.
Allowed:
- dried bread from yesterday, croutons;
- vegetables, noodle soups;
- steamed meat and poultry dishes - cutlets, meatballs, rolls, pâtés, mashed meat;
- boiled fish fillet (lean), baked fish, omelets;
- milk, cottage cheese, low-fat and mild cheese, kefir;
- vegetable oils and butter (in porridge);
- vegetable purees and stews, boiled vegetables;
- pasta, noodles, made from cereals - oats, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- unsweetened baked fruits (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- rosehip decoctions, herbal teas, bran drink.
Of course, the diet is limited, but in consultation with your doctor, you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample menu
It should be remembered that this menu can be used already at home, when the exacerbation subsides, fasting and the gradual introduction of food are prescribed in the acute stage of pancreatitis. When developing a diet, remember: there should be at least five meals, which are roughly equal in calories and in charge of digestion.
Menu for pancreatitis for 5 days
First day
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (without gas! ).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, a third of banana.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly - 100 g, fat-free cottage cheese -100 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pcs. , weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Day two
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge -200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of milk tea.
- Second breakfast: steamed beef cutlet - 100 g, carrot soufflé - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, mineral water - 200 ml, half a baked pear.
- Afternoon snack: applesauce - 200 g, still mineral water - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes -200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, a cheese sandwich (30 g of cheese, a piece of toast), weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Third day
- Breakfast: squash and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (without gas! ).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, half a pear in the oven, dried white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of compote.
- Lunch: broccoli soup - 200 ml, boiled meat, chopped mashed potatoes - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Afternoon snack: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge -200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Day 4
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (without gas! ).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, dried white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, carrot puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 slice, rosehip broth - 200 ml, a third of banana.
- Afternoon snack: omelet - 100 g, baked sweet apple, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pcs. , weak tea with milk, a slice of black bread.
Day five
- Breakfast: oatmeal -200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatball - 2 pieces, weak milk tea, a slice of black bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 slice, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: pasta soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip broth - 200 ml, Maria cookies - 2pcs.
- Afternoon snack: baked fruit - 100 g, fat-free cottage cheese -100 g, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 white bread crackers, 200 ml of mineral water (again! ).
With respect to your doctor's advice, strict adherence to your diet, and compliance with all prescriptions, relief can be obtained quickly. But a fairly strict diet with restriction of "heavy" foods will last 3 to 6 months. And then you will have to constantly limit fatty, fried, spicy and canned foods.